Skin discoloration is one of the most common concerns in aesthetic dermatology. Many people struggle with uneven pigmentation, but not all dark patches are the same. Two of the most frequent conditions we see are dark spots (hyperpigmentation) and melasma. While they may look similar, they have different causes, triggers, and treatments.
What Are Dark Spots?
Dark spots, often called sun spots, age spots, or post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), are caused by an overproduction of melanin in specific areas of the skin.
Common Causes of Dark Spots:
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Sun exposure (UV rays stimulating melanin production)
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Aging (cumulative sun damage over time)
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Skin trauma (acne, cuts, burns, or irritation leading to PIH)
They usually appear as well-defined spots on the face, hands, shoulders, or other sun-exposed areas.
What Is Melasma?
Melasma is a more complex pigmentation disorder that appears as larger, symmetrical brown or grayish patches, most commonly on the cheeks, forehead, upper lip, and nose.
Common Triggers of Melasma:
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Hormonal changes (pregnancy, birth control, thyroid conditions)
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Sun exposure (UV light worsens melasma significantly)
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Genetics (family history increases risk)
Unlike dark spots, melasma tends to be chronic and recurrent, requiring long-term management.
Key Differences Between Dark Spots and Melasma
| Feature | Dark Spots | Melasma |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | Isolated, well-defined spots | Larger, patchy, often symmetrical |
| Cause | Sun damage, aging, acne scars | Hormonal + sun + genetic factors |
| Location | Anywhere, especially sun-exposed areas | Mostly face (cheeks, forehead, upper lip) |
| Treatment | Easier to fade with topical/skincare | More resistant, needs specialized treatment |
How to Treat Dark Spots vs. Melasma
Dark Spots:
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Topical brightening agents (Vitamin C, retinoids, azelaic acid)
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Chemical peels for exfoliation and renewal
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Laser treatments for stubborn pigmentation
Melasma:
Melasma requires a more advanced, medically supervised approach, since it’s prone to recurrence. One of the most effective professional treatments is the Cosmelan® Depigmentation Peel.
Why Choose Cosmelan for Melasma and Stubborn Pigmentation?
Cosmelan® is a world-renowned depigmentation treatment designed to treat melasma and other pigmentation disorders. Unlike standard peels, Cosmelan works by:
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Inhibiting melanin production at the source
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Reducing existing pigmentation and preventing new spots
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Delivering long-term regulation with minimal downtime
It is suitable for all skin types and can improve:
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Melasma
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Sun spots
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Post-acne dark marks
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Uneven skin tone
Most patients see significant improvement within a few weeks, with continued results when paired with proper sun protection and maintenance skincare.
Final Thoughts
While dark spots and melasma both cause unwanted pigmentation, they require different treatment approaches. Dark spots are often easier to fade, while melasma needs targeted, professional care. At our clinic, we recommend Cosmelan® as a gold-standard solution for melasma and stubborn pigmentation, helping patients achieve clearer, brighter, and more even-toned skin.
